Differential Pressure

Positive-pressure airflow inside a modular operating theater

Operating Theater Positive Pressure: How It Is Created, Measured and Maintained

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Positive pressure is one of the most frequently specified environmental requirements for an operating theater. It helps establish directional airflow from the operating room toward adjacent spaces when doors are closed, reducing the uncontrolled entry of air from less clean areas. However, positive pressure is not created by the wall panels themselves, nor is it […]

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Cleanroom air changes per hour calculation showing supply airflow, room volume and HEPA filtrationcalculation

How to Calculate Air Changes per Hour (ACH) in a Cleanroom

Leave a Comment / Cleanroom Design /

Introduction Air Changes per Hour, commonly abbreviated as ACH, is widely used in cleanroom and controlled-environment design. It expresses the total supply airflow delivered to a room in one hour as a multiple of the room’s internal volume. ACH can help engineers estimate the airflow required for contaminant dilution, particle removal, temperature control, humidity control

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cleanroom personnel and material flow design a complete practical guide

Cleanroom Personnel and Material Flow Design: A Practical Guide

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Introduction Cleanroom contamination control depends not only on HEPA filtration, differential pressure, and room classification. It also depends on how people, materials, equipment, waste, and products move through the facility. A technically capable HVAC system cannot fully compensate for a poorly planned workflow. When clean and unclean routes cross, doors open unnecessarily, operators retrace their

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Modern cleanroom airlock with interlocked airtight doors supporting pressure cascade and contamination control

Airlocks in Cleanroom Design: Types, Functions, and Best Practices

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Introduction In cleanroom facilities, doors are more than simple access points. Every time a person enters a production area or materials are transferred between rooms, airflow patterns can be disturbed and contaminants may migrate from one controlled zone to another. To minimize these risks, cleanroom designers commonly introduce airlocks between areas of different cleanliness levels

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